Head injury.

Obliteration of mesencephalic cisterns, midline shift, subdural and epidural hematomas, shearing injuries involving the brainstem and/or interpeduncular cistern, fractures of the sphenoid body and/or clivus, as well as perfusion defects larger than the intracerebral hematoma have been identified in the recent literature as findings indicative of poor outcome in patients with head injury.