Logan W P
World Health Stat Rep. 1976;29(12):682-97.
Many of the statistics given in this report are estimates based on tentative data and on that extent are not reliable in a strict sense. But the picture they present of gross differences in demographic and social characteristics, in vital statistics, and in resources of medical manpower and hospital beds between major areas of the world is real. More than half of the people of the world live in South Asia and East Asia; population density is highest in Western Europe; and highest rates of population growth are in Middle America and Tropical South America. In Europe less than one-third of the population are aged under 20 years, whereas more than half the population are aged under 20 im Middle and Tropical South America and the Carribbean, in Africa and in South Asia. Urbanization is high in Temperate South America, Northern America, Northern and Western Europe, and Oceania. The daily dietary energy supply per person is 50% higher in Northern America, Europe, USSR, and Ocenia than in Africa (excluding Southern Africa, South and East Asia. The Gross National Product in Northern America is 10 times higher than in Tropical South America and 30 to 40 times higher than in Western Middle and Eastern Africa and in Middle South and South East Asia. Crude birth rates are close to three times higher in Africa, Middle America and South Asia than in Europe, North America and USSR. Differences in crude death rates are less--rates in Western, Middle and Eastern Africa are double these of America Europe, USSR and Oceania. The Expectation of Life is over 70 years for Northern America, Europe, USSR and Oceania. It is under 50 years for Western, Middle and Eastern Africa. In all areas the expectation of life at birth has increased--by up to 10 years--in the past quarter century. Infant mortality is less than 20 per 1 000 in Northern and Western Europe and Northern America. It is over 100 in Africa and South Asia. Number of physicians range from 25 per 10 000 population in USSR to less than 1 per 10 000 in Western, Middle and Eastern Africa. There are over 100 hospital beds per 10 000 population in USSR and in Northern and Western Europe, less than 10 per 10 000 in Western Africa, Middle South Asia and South East Asia.
本报告中给出的许多统计数据是基于初步数据的估计，从这个程度上来说，严格意义上并不可靠。但它们所呈现的世界主要地区在人口和社会特征、生命统计以及医疗人力和医院床位资源方面的巨大差异却是真实存在的。世界上一半以上的人口生活在南亚和东亚；西欧的人口密度最高；中美洲和热带南美洲的人口增长率最高。在欧洲，不到三分之一的人口年龄在20岁以下，而在中美洲、热带南美洲、加勒比地区、非洲和南亚，超过一半的人口年龄在20岁以下。温带南美洲、北美洲、北欧和西欧以及大洋洲的城市化程度较高。北美洲、欧洲、苏联和大洋洲的人均每日膳食能量供应比非洲（不包括南非）、南亚和东亚高50%。北美洲的国民生产总值比热带南美洲高10倍，比西非、中东和东非以及中南亚和东南亚高30至40倍。非洲、中美洲和南亚的粗出生率几乎是欧洲、北美洲和苏联的三倍。粗死亡率的差异较小——西非、中东和东非的死亡率是美洲、欧洲、苏联和大洋洲的两倍。北美洲、欧洲、苏联和大洋洲的预期寿命超过70岁。西非、中东和东非的预期寿命低于50岁。在过去的四分之一世纪里，所有地区的出生时预期寿命都有所增加——增加了多达10岁。北欧、西欧和北美洲的婴儿死亡率低于每1000人20例。非洲和南亚的婴儿死亡率超过每1000人100例。医生人数从苏联每10000人口25人到西非、中东和东非每10000人口不到一人不等。苏联以及北欧和西欧每10000人口中有超过100张医院床位，西非、中南亚和东南亚每10000人口中不到10张。
