Anzueto A, Levine S M, Jenkinson S G
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.
J Crit Illn. 1992 Nov;7(11):1817-24.
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) provides a means of recovering cells and biochemical substances directly from the alveoli in patients with numerous pulmonary diseases. It is also useful in diagnosing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. Upper airway contamination of BAL specimens is the chief liability. In diffuse lung disease, the bronchoscope is usually positioned in the middle lobe; when focal lung disease is present, the bronchoscope is placed in the area of greatest roentgenographic involvement. Sterile saline is instilled and recovered for analysis. Most side effects are related to endoscopic technique, location and extent of lavaged lung area, and the volume and temperature of instilled fluid.
支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）为从患有多种肺部疾病的患者肺泡中直接回收细胞和生化物质提供了一种方法。它在诊断免疫功能低下患者的机会性感染方面也很有用。BAL标本的上呼吸道污染是主要问题。在弥漫性肺疾病中，支气管镜通常置于中叶；当存在局灶性肺疾病时，支气管镜置于X线表现受累最严重的区域。注入无菌生理盐水并回收用于分析。大多数副作用与内镜技术、灌洗肺区域的位置和范围以及注入液体的体积和温度有关。
