Cleland J, Bicego G, Fegan G
Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Health Transit Rev. 1992 Apr;2(1):1-18.
The last three decades have witnessed substantial reductions in childhood mortality in most developing nations. Despite this encouraging picture, analysis of WFS and DHS survey data shows that socioeconomic disparities in survival chances have not narrowed between the 1970s and 1980s, and in some cases, have widened. Changes in mother's education and father's occupation contributed only modestly to secular declines in mortality. In most countries studied, no more than 20 per cent of the national trend could be accounted for by compositional improvements. The median contributions of improvements in mother's education and father's occupation were ten and eight per cent, respectively.
过去三十年里，大多数发展中国家的儿童死亡率大幅下降。尽管情况令人鼓舞，但对世界生育率调查（WFS）和人口与健康调查（DHS）数据的分析表明，20世纪70年代至80年代期间，生存机会方面的社会经济差距并未缩小，在某些情况下甚至有所扩大。母亲教育程度和父亲职业的变化对死亡率的长期下降贡献不大。在大多数被研究的国家中，构成因素的改善最多只能解释全国趋势的20%。母亲教育程度提高和父亲职业改善的中位数贡献分别为10%和8%。
