Transplantation: the role of microbiologic services.

The role of microbiologic services in transplantation is described. Transplantations have become widely accepted therapeutic practices in which the microbiology laboratory actively participates. Except for problems related to function and rejection of the transplanted organ, infections are the most important concern of the clinician. The infections can be caused by bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses and may occur very early after surgery or as long as six months posttransplant. Specimens (sputum, throat, blood, stool, perirectal, and urine) are routinely sent to the microbiology laboratory before and after transplantation to aid in the diagnosis of potential infections. Rapid diagnostic tests are imperative, and results must be communicated to clinicians expeditiously; this information may be critical in guiding therapy of these infections. The microbiology laboratory plays an essential role in identifying etiologic agents of infections and in determining appropriate therapy.