Springer D K, Jahr J S
Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Am J Anesthesiol. 1995 Mar-Apr;22(2):65-9.
In 1983, the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was introduced as a new airway device. It can be inserted without the aid of a laryngoscope or neuromuscular blockade. Compared with the face mask, the LMA allows for a more "hands-free approach" to airway management providing the anesthesiologist the freedom of not holding a mask. In addition, the LMA is more effective than the face mask, with or without a Guedel airway, during emergency resuscitation in situations where endotracheal intubation is difficult or not possible. The LMA seems to provide better oxygenation than the face mask; but unlike the endotracheal tube, it does not protect the airway from aspiration of gastric contents if regurgitation occurs. For this reason, it is believed that the LMA should not be used in place of an endotracheal tube during emergency rescue, but rather as an adjunct to airway management prior to intubation. It is possible that the risk of regurgitation with or without aspiration may be minimized if proper screening of patients is employed prior to use of the LMA. The current literature concerning its safety and efficacy is reviewed.
1983年，喉罩气道（LMA）作为一种新型气道装置被引入。它无需借助喉镜或神经肌肉阻滞剂即可插入。与面罩相比，LMA在气道管理方面允许采用更“免手持方法”，使麻醉医生无需手持面罩。此外，在紧急复苏过程中，无论有无口咽通气管，当气管插管困难或无法进行时，LMA比面罩更有效。LMA似乎比面罩能提供更好的氧合；但与气管导管不同的是，如果发生反流，它不能保护气道免受胃内容物误吸。因此，人们认为在紧急救援时LMA不应替代气管导管，而应作为插管前气道管理的辅助手段。如果在使用LMA之前对患者进行适当筛查，无论有无误吸，反流风险都有可能降至最低。本文对有关其安全性和有效性的现有文献进行了综述。
