Cataracts in systemic diseases and syndromes.

A comprehensive review of the ophthalmic literature on cataracts during the past year is presented. Topics covered include new epidemiologic associations, diabetic cataracts, and syndromes involving cataracts. Data from the Beaver Dam Eye Study suggest the presence of a recessive gene for nuclear sclerosis. Estrogen exposure may decrease the risk of nuclear sclerosis. The effects of amiodarone, propranolol, and lovastatin on the lens are discussed. Electron microscopy studies have furthered our understanding of diabetic cataracts and the rare Christmas tree cataract. Two new studies support the adverse effect of extracapsular cataract extraction on diabetic retinopathy. New associations between neurofibromatosis 2 and the lens will aid in the diagnosis of this condition. Other ocular and systemic syndromes are discussed.