Trudel G, Kirby R L, Bell A C
Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Assist Technol. 1995;7(2):79-86. doi: 10.1080/10400435.1995.10132256.
Giving the rear wheels of manually propelled wheelchairs negative camber (by angling them such that the bottoms of the wheels are farther apart than the tops) has become increasingly popular, especially among active users. This study's purpose was to evaluate how changing camber affects a wheelchair's mechanics and the extent of these changes. Using a representative wheelchair occupied by an anthropomorphic dummy, we altered the camber from +15 degrees to -15 degrees and measured the effects on nine selected variables. In addition to increasing the wheelchair's track width, negative camber increases the wheelchair's wheelbase and decreases the height of the frame. With negative camber, the center of gravity (CG) of the occupied wheelchair moves backwards. Negative camber causes a backwards tilt of the frame which, in turn, causes toe-out of the rear wheels, a positive caster-inclination angle and an increase in the caster-trail distance. It is apparent that a change in one component of a wheelchair can affect many others, which should be taken into consideration and, where appropriate, compensated for when changing the camber of the wheelchair.
让手动轮椅的后轮具有负外倾角（通过调整角度使轮子底部比顶部更宽）越来越流行，尤其是在活跃用户中。本研究的目的是评估改变外倾角如何影响轮椅的力学性能以及这些变化的程度。使用一个由拟人化假人乘坐的代表性轮椅，我们将外倾角从 +15 度改变为 -15 度，并测量对九个选定变量的影响。除了增加轮椅的轮距外，负外倾角还会增加轮椅的轴距并降低车架高度。有了负外倾角，乘坐轮椅时的重心（CG）会向后移动。负外倾角会导致车架向后倾斜，进而导致后轮外八、正主销内倾角以及主销拖距增加。很明显，轮椅一个部件的变化会影响许多其他部件，在改变轮椅外倾角时应予以考虑，并在适当情况下进行补偿。
