Lichtenstein E, Glasgow R E, Lando H A, Ossip-Klein D J, Boles S M
Oregon Research Institute, Eugene 97403, USA.
Health Educ Res. 1996 Jun;11(2):243-57. doi: 10.1093/her/11.2.243.
We review the various ways in which telephone counseling has been used in smoking cessation programs. Reactive approaches--help lines or crisis lines--attract only a small percentage of eligible smokers but are sensitive to promotional campaigns. While difficult to evaluate, they appear to be efficacious and useful as a public intervention for large populations. Proactive phone counseling has been used in a variety of ways. In 13 randomized trials, most showed significant short-term (3-6 month) effects, and four found substantial long-term differences between intervention and control conditions. A meta-analysis of proactive studies using a best-evidence synthesis confirmed a significant increase in cessation rates compared with control conditions [pooled odds ratios of 1.34 (1.19-1.51) and 1.20 (1.06-1.37) at short- and long-term follow-up, respectively]. Proactive phone counseling appeared most effective when used as the sole intervention modality or when augmenting programs initiated in hospital settings. Suggestions for further research and utilization are offered.
我们回顾了电话咨询在戒烟项目中的各种应用方式。反应性方法——帮助热线或危机热线——仅吸引了一小部分符合条件的吸烟者，但对宣传活动很敏感。虽然难以评估，但它们似乎作为一种针对大量人群的公共干预措施是有效且有用的。主动性电话咨询有多种应用方式。在13项随机试验中，大多数显示出显著的短期（3 - 6个月）效果，有4项发现干预组和对照组在长期存在实质性差异。一项使用最佳证据综合法对主动性研究进行的荟萃分析证实，与对照组相比，戒烟率有显著提高[短期和长期随访时的合并优势比分别为1.34（1.19 - 1.51）和1.20（1.06 - 1.37）]。当作为唯一的干预方式或用于加强在医院环境中启动的项目时，主动性电话咨询似乎最有效。文中还提供了进一步研究和应用的建议。
