Le Pen C
Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion des Organisations de Santé (LEGOS), Université Paris-Dauphine, France.
Pharmacoeconomics. 1996;10 Suppl 2:26-36. doi: 10.2165/00019053-199600102-00006.
The pharmaceutical market in France is characterised by low prices and high sales volumes. Despite these advantageous market conditions, the French pharmaceutical industry has in general been an underperformer in the global context. Acknowledgement of the contributory role made by state regulation of drug expenditures in creating this situation has resulted in a number of attempts to correct problems within the market. At best, these have achieved only temporary improvements. Since 1993, however, a new drug policy, which emphasises voluntary moderation by physicians of their own prescribing activities rather than the use of budgetary means to cut expenditures, has been in operation in France. This 'medicalised strategy' involves 2 main instruments, viz., a list of guidelines for clinical practice (Références Médicales Opposables) and a set of 'industrial conventions' (agreed between each drug company and the government) for determining drug prices. While it is too early at this stage to determine whether these new approaches will be beneficial in the long term, some changes in drug prescribing have already been observed, and it is clear that the new policy has also encouraged more healthy relationships between policymakers, the medical profession, and the pharmaceutical industry in France.
法国的制药市场具有价格低、销量高的特点。尽管有这些有利的市场条件，但总体而言，法国制药行业在全球范围内表现不佳。人们认识到国家对药品支出的监管在造成这种情况中所起的作用，因此多次尝试纠正市场中的问题。这些尝试充其量只取得了暂时的改善。然而，自1993年以来，法国实施了一项新的药品政策，该政策强调医生自愿节制自己的开药行为，而不是采用预算手段削减开支。这种“医疗化策略”涉及两个主要手段，即临床实践指南清单（《可对抗医学参考文献》）和一套用于确定药品价格的“行业公约”（由各制药公司与政府商定）。虽然现阶段判断这些新方法从长远来看是否有益还为时过早，但已经观察到开药方面的一些变化，而且很明显，新政策也促进了法国政策制定者、医疗行业和制药行业之间更健康的关系。
