Adams T, Bezner J, Steinhardt M
Oklahoma State University, School of Health, Physical Education, and Leisure, Stillwater 74078, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 1997 Jan-Feb;11(3):208-18. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-11.3.208.
The impact of individual perceptions on health is well-established. However, no valid and reliable measure of individual wellness perceptions exists. Therefore, the purpose was to introduce a measure called the Perceived Wellness Survey (PWS).
Convenience sampling facilitated recruitment of a sample large enough to perform factor analysis with adequate power (.85). The appropriateness of factor analysis is supported by Bartlett's test (chi 2 = 7110, p < or = .01) and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (.91).
The sample (n = 558) was composed of 3M Inc. employees from multiple sites in Austin, Texas (n = 393); employees from MuRata Electronics, Inc., College Station, Pennsylvania (n = 53); and students enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin (n = 112).
Racial, gender, and age distribution was, respectively, 6.3% African-American (n = 35), 8.2% Asian (n = 46), 73.3% Caucasian (n = 409), 9.5% Hispanic (n = 53), and 2.7% other (n = 15); 47.8% male (n = 267), and 52.2% female (n = 291); and 36.8 years.
Measures included the Perceived Wellness Survey, and two additional versions of the Perceived Wellness Survey designed to measure both discriminant and face validity. Perceived Wellness Survey subscales include physical, spiritual, intellectual, psychological, social, and emotional dimensions.
All subscales were correlated (p < or = .05) with the Perceived Wellness Survey composite and with each other. Evidence of internal consistency (alpha = .88 to .93), and discriminant, face, and factorial validity was provided. Finally, the Perceived Wellness Survey appears to be a unidimensional scale.
The unidimensional nature of the Perceived Wellness Survey suggests that perceptions of wellness in various dimensions are intertwined by their affective nature. The Perceived Wellness Survey appears to be reasonably valid and reliable; however, further research is needed.
个体认知对健康的影响已得到充分证实。然而，目前尚无有效且可靠的个体健康认知测量方法。因此，本研究旨在引入一种名为“感知健康状况调查”（PWS）的测量方法。
采用便利抽样法，以便招募到足够大的样本，从而有足够的效能（.85）进行因子分析。Bartlett检验（卡方 = 7110，p≤.01）和Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin抽样适当性度量（.91）支持了因子分析的适用性。
样本（n = 558）由来自德克萨斯州奥斯汀多个地点的3M公司员工（n = 393）、宾夕法尼亚州大学城村的村田电子公司员工（n = 53）以及德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的学生（n = 112）组成。
种族、性别和年龄分布分别为：非裔美国人6.3%（n = 35）、亚洲人8.2%（n = 46）、白种人73.3%（n = 409）、西班牙裔9.5%（n = 53）以及其他2.7%（n = 15）；男性47.8%（n = 267），女性52.2%（n = 291）；平均年龄36.8岁。
测量工具包括“感知健康状况调查”，以及另外两个旨在测量区分效度和表面效度的“感知健康状况调查”版本。“感知健康状况调查”分量表包括身体、精神、智力、心理、社会和情感维度。
所有分量表均与“感知健康状况调查”总分以及彼此之间存在相关性（p≤.05）。提供了内部一致性证据（α =.88至.93），以及区分效度、表面效度和结构效度证据。最后，“感知健康状况调查”似乎是一个单维量表。
“感知健康状况调查”的单维性质表明，各个维度的健康认知因其情感性质而相互交织。“感知健康状况调查”似乎具有合理的效度和信度；然而，仍需进一步研究。
