Guarriello M L
Competitive Quality Associates, Dallas, TX, USA.
Hosp Mater Manage Q. 1997 Aug;19(1):68-72.
We know that just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing is a set of philosophies, not a set of techniques. These same philosophies are embraced by the total quality management (TQM) school. The most important element of this philosophy is that of continuous improvement--the acceptance of constantly changing objectives as a departure from reliance on standard requirements. This fundamental concept drives other philosophical aspects such as improving utilization of resources (employee involvement, reduction of waste) and long-term success (customer focus, vendor partnerships). Clearly, these philosophies are applicable to all organizations and functions. Perhaps some of these philosophies are manifest by certain JIT principles that we might consider when we design organizational routines and practices. Why not apply what has been proven in the factory to the seemingly bureaucratic behaviors in the office.
我们知道，即时制造是一套理念，而非一套技术。全面质量管理（TQM）学派也秉持这些相同的理念。这一理念最重要的要素是持续改进——接受不断变化的目标，不再依赖标准要求。这一基本概念推动着其他哲学层面的内容，比如提高资源利用率（员工参与、减少浪费）和实现长期成功（以客户为中心、与供应商建立伙伴关系）。显然，这些理念适用于所有组织和职能。或许当我们设计组织惯例和实践时，某些即时制造原则体现了其中的一些理念。为何不将工厂里已被证明的方法应用于办公室中看似官僚的行为呢。
