Cresta M, Allegrini M, Casadei E, Gallorini M, Lanzola E, Panatta G B
Food Nutr (Roma). 1976;2(2):8-18.
The increasing use of the atomic absorption technique makes it possible to study man's trace-element requirements with a very accurate methodology. Some of these elements are present in the daily diet in minute quantities of micrograms which are, however, indispensable for the proper functioning of the body. But apart from such trace quantities present in conditions which are not affected by abnormal environmental concentration, there may be situations in which trace-element levels in foods and diets reach very high values. If very high, the levels may expose a population to the risk of toxicity; on the other hand, they may lead to wrong interpretations of trace-element requirements because they may lead the nutritionist to regard some high values as normal levels and therefore appropriate for meeting man's requirements. Inversely, they may also induce the nutritionist to regard lower values as unsatisfactory. Therefore, since these environmental factors, which are not always identifiable, can induce erroneous judgements due to overestimation of the requirements, it would seem appropriate, if figures on the total supplies of the diet are to be used, to refer to the tabled values of the individual foods of the diet, rather than to analyses of the whole diet ready for consumption. In fact, an abnormally high or low value of a trace element of any single food of a food composition table would have little influence on the calculation of the total supply of the diet, whereas the use of values obtained from meals which have been exposed to contamination during technological processes(e.g., through the cooking water of foods or cooking utensils) may result in overestimation. However, the analysis of global diets seems to be the method of choice in toxicological research, because in this type of investigations the basic elements of an evaluation often derive indeed from abnormal conditions identified at consumer level. Regarding the importance of copper and iron in haematopoiesis, the following hypotheses can be put forward: (a) In the haematopoietic phenomena occurring in intrauterine life, copper seems to play a role equal to that of iron, and perhaps even more important. (b) This role does not seem to be an autonomous one, but is mediated by availability of serum globulin to the child. In other words, this hypothesis relates the problem more generally to the protein nutrition of mother and foetus...
原子吸收技术的日益广泛应用，使得用一种非常精确的方法来研究人体对微量元素的需求成为可能。这些元素中的一些在日常饮食中仅以微克计的微量存在，然而，它们对于身体的正常运作却是不可或缺的。但是，除了在不受异常环境浓度影响的情况下存在的这种微量之外，可能还存在食物和饮食中微量元素水平达到非常高值的情况。如果水平非常高，可能会使人群面临中毒风险；另一方面，它们可能导致对微量元素需求的错误解读，因为它们可能会使营养学家将一些高值视为正常水平，从而认为适合满足人体需求。相反，它们也可能使营养学家认为较低的值是不令人满意的。因此，由于这些并非总是可识别的环境因素可能会因对需求的高估而导致错误判断，所以如果要使用饮食总供应量的数据，那么参考饮食中各个食物的表格值似乎更为合适，而不是参考已准备好食用的整个饮食的分析结果。事实上，食物成分表中任何单一食物的微量元素异常高或低值对饮食总供应量的计算影响很小，而使用从在加工过程中受到污染的膳食（例如通过食物的烹饪水或炊具）中获得的值可能会导致高估。然而，对全球饮食的分析似乎是毒理学研究中的首选方法，因为在这类调查中，评估的基本要素往往确实来自消费者层面发现的异常情况。关于铜和铁在造血过程中的重要性，可以提出以下假设：(a) 在子宫内生命中发生的造血现象中，铜似乎发挥着与铁相当的作用，甚至可能更重要。(b) 这个作用似乎不是自主的，而是由血清球蛋白对胎儿的可获得性介导的。换句话说，这个假设更普遍地将问题与母亲和胎儿的蛋白质营养联系起来……
