Adachi K, Lubben J E, Tsukada N
Japan College of Social Work, Tokyo.
J Aging Soc Policy. 1996;8(2-3):147-59. doi: 10.1300/J031v08n02_10.
This article analyzes the social and political forces in Japan that led to the creation of the Gold Plan, a comprehensive national plan for formalized in-home services for the aged. The political strategies of the Gold Plan are examined from the following perspectives: (1) shifts from institutional to in-home services, (2) decentralization of in-home services policy, and (3) needs for expanding the number of in-home service workers. New nonprofit organizations called Resident-Participation Types (RPTs) are identified, which are self-help organizations to augment the delivery of in-home services to the aged. The current status of these new models for the aged are examined, using data from two different surveys conducted by the Japanese National Council of Social Welfare in 1992 and 1993. Finally, future issues regarding RTPs and in-home services for the aged and some policy recommendations are discussed.
本文分析了日本国内促使制定“黄金计划”的社会和政治力量，该计划是一项为老年人提供正规居家服务的综合性国家计划。本文从以下几个角度审视了“黄金计划”的政治策略：（1）从机构服务向居家服务的转变；（2）居家服务政策的分权化；（3）增加居家服务工作人员数量的需求。文中还确定了一种名为“居民参与型”（RPTs）的新型非营利组织，它们是为加强老年人居家服务提供而设立的自助组织。本文利用日本社会福利全国理事会在1992年和1993年进行的两项不同调查的数据，考察了这些针对老年人的新模式的现状。最后，讨论了与“居民参与型”组织和老年人居家服务相关的未来问题以及一些政策建议。
