Adelman S
JACEP. 1976 Aug;5(8):596-8. doi: 10.1016/s0361-1124(76)80220-1.
In pediatric patients, percutaneous venipuncture is preferable to cutdown, especially in inexperienced hands. The best route for maintenance fluid administration is a No. 19, No. 21 or No. 23 scalp vein needle or No. 18 or No. 20 plastic cannula placed in a superficial hand or foot vein. An incision 1 cm proximal to the medial malleolus of the tibia over the great saphenous vein is the classic pediatric cutdown. Other alternatives are brachial vein, saphenous vein distal to the medial aspect of the knee and, in extreme emergencies, the external jugular vein or cephalic vein in the arm. The cutdown technique with facilitating suggestions and possible dangers is described.
在儿科患者中，经皮静脉穿刺优于切开静脉术，尤其是在经验不足的人操作时。维持液输注的最佳途径是将19号、21号或23号头皮静脉针或18号或20号塑料套管置于手部或足部浅表静脉。在大隐静脉上胫骨内踝近端1厘米处做切口是经典的儿科切开静脉术。其他选择包括肱静脉、膝关节内侧远端的隐静脉，在极端紧急情况下，可选择颈外静脉或手臂的头静脉。本文描述了切开静脉术的操作技巧、辅助建议及可能的风险。
