Nelson K B
Neuroepidemiology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Neurol Clin. 1999 May;17(2):283-93. doi: 10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70131-6.
Controlled studies, improved epidemiologic and statistical techniques, and an increase in biological information on mechanisms of fetal and neonatal brain injury or maldevelopment have led to a better, although still imperfect, understanding of the cause of developmental disabilities. The role of asphyxia during the birth process is smaller than was once believed. Intrauterine exposure to infection, autoimmune and coagulation disorders, and problems specific to multiple pregnancies are risk factors for cerebral palsy. Electronic fetal monitoring and other observations during birth are unsatisfactory management guides, having enormously high rates of false-positive identification. There is no evidence that caesarean section can prevent cerebral palsy in term infants.
对照研究、改进的流行病学和统计技术，以及关于胎儿和新生儿脑损伤或发育异常机制的生物学信息的增加，使人们对发育障碍的病因有了更好的理解，尽管仍不完美。出生过程中窒息的作用比以往认为的要小。宫内感染、自身免疫和凝血障碍以及多胎妊娠特有的问题是脑瘫的危险因素。出生时的电子胎儿监护和其他观察结果作为管理指南并不理想，假阳性识别率极高。没有证据表明剖宫产能预防足月儿的脑瘫。
