Lasheras C, González C, Patterson A M, Fernández S
Functional Biology Department, Medical Faculty, University of Oviedo, Spain.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1998 Dec;44(6):757-68. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.44.757.
Because of an increase in the number of elderly and the problems of nutrition associated with them, we considered it of interest to study the eating habits of 352 elderly persons (134 males and 218 females) 65 to 95 years of age in an urban area in the north of Spain (Oviedo). The purpose of this study was specifically to describe the differences in the eating habits of elderly institutionalized persons and those resident at home and to detect the nutritional status of 161 subjects living in institutions and 191 living at home. The weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and triceps skinfold (PTP) of each were recorded. To determine the eating habits, a questionnaire measuring the frequency of food consumption was distributed to the subjects. The mean age of the institutionalized elderly was greater than those living independently. The mean values of BMI indicated overweight in all cases, with values around those of obesity in independent females (BMI = 29.97). The value of PTP was found to be within normal limits, but a greater percentage of institutionalized subjects showed PTP values of less than P10 (males, 10.2%; females, 11%). Food habits showed that the consumption of fish and margarine/oil was greater in institutionalized subjects of both sexes. Independent males consumed more vegetables; females consumed more milk and greens. Milk, vegetables, fruit, and fish were the food groups with consumption frequencies less than those recommended. A greater percentage of noncompliance was seen among the institutionalized elderly.
由于老年人数量的增加以及与之相关的营养问题，我们认为研究西班牙北部城市奥维耶多352名65至95岁老年人（134名男性和218名女性）的饮食习惯很有意义。本研究的目的具体是描述机构养老老年人和居家老年人饮食习惯的差异，并检测161名机构养老者和191名居家者的营养状况。记录了每个人的体重、身高、体重指数（BMI）和肱三头肌皮褶厚度（PTP）。为确定饮食习惯，向受试者发放了一份测量食物消费频率的问卷。机构养老老年人的平均年龄高于独立生活的老年人。BMI的平均值表明所有情况下均超重，独立生活的女性BMI值接近肥胖水平（BMI = 29.97）。发现PTP值在正常范围内，但机构养老受试者中PTP值低于P10的比例更高（男性为10.2%；女性为11%）。饮食习惯表明，男女机构养老受试者的鱼类和人造黄油/油类消费量更高。独立生活的男性蔬菜消费量更多；女性牛奶和绿叶蔬菜消费量更多。牛奶、蔬菜、水果和鱼类的消费频率低于推荐水平。机构养老老年人中不符合标准的比例更高。
