Cutting T M, Fisher J O, Grimm-Thomas K, Birch L L
Nutrition Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Apr;69(4):608-13. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/69.4.608.
Obese parents are more likely to have obese children. Parents provide both the genes and eating environment for their children and familial patterns of adiposity are the result of gene-environment interactions. Environmental factors are implicated in the rapid increases in prevalence of childhood overweight that have occurred in the past 2 decades. Examination of aspects of the family environment may provide insight into increases in childhood overweight over time.
We examined parental characteristics associated with overweight and eating behaviors in preschool children.
Seventy-five preschool children and their parents were recruited from local daycare centers. Information was obtained on parents' body mass indexes (BMIs), dietary restraint, and dietary disinhibition. A behavioral index of disinhibited eating in children was used to measure children's eating when given free access to palatable snack foods in the absence of hunger. Children's weight-for-height values were also calculated.
Maternal dietary disinhibition (R2 = 0.35, P < 0.01) and maternal BMI (R2 = 0.19, P < 0.05) positively predicted daughters' overweight. Maternal disinhibition (R2 = 0.35, P < 0.05) mediated the relation between mothers' BMI and daughters' overweight when both maternal disinhibition and maternal BMI were used to predict daughters' overweight. Furthermore, when both mothers' disinhibition and daughters' free access intakes were used to predict daughters' overweight, mothers' disinhibition (P < 0.05) showed independent prediction.
These findings suggest that familial influences on child overweight differ according to parent and child sex. Also, these results suggest that mothers' dietary disinhibition mediates familial similarities in degree of overweight for mothers and daughters.
肥胖的父母更有可能生出肥胖的孩子。父母为孩子提供了基因和饮食环境，肥胖的家族模式是基因与环境相互作用的结果。环境因素与过去20年儿童超重患病率的迅速上升有关。对家庭环境方面的研究可能有助于深入了解儿童超重现象随时间的增加情况。
我们研究了与学龄前儿童超重及饮食行为相关的父母特征。
从当地日托中心招募了75名学龄前儿童及其父母。获取了父母的体重指数（BMI）、饮食抑制和饮食去抑制方面的信息。使用儿童无节制饮食的行为指标来衡量儿童在不饥饿时自由获取美味零食时的饮食情况。还计算了儿童的身高体重值。
母亲的饮食去抑制（R2 = 0.35，P < 0.01）和母亲的BMI（R2 = 0.19，P < 0.05）正向预测女儿超重。当同时使用母亲的饮食去抑制和母亲的BMI来预测女儿超重时，母亲的饮食去抑制（R2 = 0.35，P < 0.05）介导了母亲BMI与女儿超重之间的关系。此外，当同时使用母亲的饮食去抑制和女儿的自由摄入量来预测女儿超重时，母亲的饮食去抑制（P < 0.05）显示出独立预测作用。
这些发现表明，家庭对儿童超重的影响因父母和孩子的性别而异。此外，这些结果表明母亲的饮食去抑制介导了母亲和女儿超重程度的家族相似性。
