Rietz S, Hagel K
Neurologische Klinik Elzach.
Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 1999 Feb;38(1):16-9.
Falls prove to be a significant problem in geriatrics. 5% of falls lead to fractures and 10% to soft tissue injuries. We examined retrospectively the rehabilitation course of 78 patients, who had been treated by us after falls leading to injury. Fractures of the neck of femur predominated with 57%, followed by other fractures of the lower limbs with 13%. The remainder of the falls with consequences of injury lead to fractures of other parts and soft tissue injuries. In 34% of the falls, the cause was estimated as predominantly intrinsic and in 11% as extrinsic. 19% of the falls were a mixture of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. In 36% of the cases the cause remained unknown. Before the fall occurred, 72% were independent, 26% needed help and 1 patients was in need of care. After finishing rehabilitation 54% were independent, 34% needed help and 11% were in need of care. 86% were able to return to their usual social surroundings. Rehabilitation after falls with consequences of injury goes beyond mere "orthopedic" treatment. To minimize the future risk of fall, a precise analysis of the cause of fall should be implemented. One should moreover try to optimize the environment to reduce the risk.
跌倒在老年医学中是一个重大问题。5%的跌倒会导致骨折，10%会导致软组织损伤。我们回顾性地研究了78例跌倒受伤后接受我们治疗的患者的康复过程。股骨颈骨折占主导，为57%，其次是下肢其他骨折，占13%。其余有受伤后果的跌倒导致其他部位骨折和软组织损伤。在34%的跌倒中，原因主要被估计为内在因素，11%为外在因素。19%的跌倒为外在和内在因素的混合。在36%的病例中，原因仍不清楚。跌倒发生前，72%的患者能够自理，26%需要帮助，1名患者需要护理。康复结束后，54%的患者能够自理，34%需要帮助，11%需要护理。86%的患者能够回到他们平常的社交环境。有受伤后果的跌倒后的康复不仅仅是“骨科”治疗。为了将未来的跌倒风险降至最低，应该对跌倒原因进行精确分析。此外，应该努力优化环境以降低风险。
