Trinidad Ramos G, Pando Pinto J, Vega Cuadri A, Serrano Berrocal M, Trinidad Ruiz G, Blasco Huelva A
Servicio ORL, Complejo Hospitalario Infanta Cristina, Badajoz.
An Esp Pediatr. 1999 Feb;50(2):166-71.
A precocious diagnosis of infantile deafness is essential to avoid its implications in the family and the social and employment future of those that suffer from them. The discovery of new tests that can be used for auditory screening, such as otoacoustic emission, has opened new perspectives in this field.
Universal screening was performed including neonates born in our area. We studied 7,153 children (296 with indicators of risk) born between 1995 and 1997. Our protocol was based on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions as the screening method and brainstem auditory evoked potentials as the diagnostic procedure.
Two out of 1000 ears studied presented serious/deep deafness and 1.39 per 100 had some type of hearing loss. The incidence of pathology was higher among ears of children with risk factors: 1.8 per 100 had serious/deep deafness and 7.59 per 100 some type of hearing loss.
Transient evoked otoacoustic emission is an effective method when used in infantile auditory screening, since it is objective, bloodless and quick. Its correlation with auditory evoked potentials is very high, which proves their reliability. The best moment to perform this test (OAE) is when the discharge from the hospital is certified. We believe that universal screening is necessary, although a much higher incidence of deafness is encountered among children with risk factors. The establishment of programs for the precocious detection of infantile deafness should not be delayed.
婴幼儿耳聋的早期诊断对于避免其对家庭以及患者未来社会生活和就业产生影响至关重要。新的可用于听力筛查的检测方法（如耳声发射）的发现，为该领域开辟了新的前景。
对我们地区出生的新生儿进行了普遍筛查。我们研究了1995年至1997年间出生的7153名儿童（296名有风险指标）。我们的方案以瞬态诱发耳声发射作为筛查方法，脑干听觉诱发电位作为诊断手段。
在所研究的1000只耳朵中，有2只呈现严重/深度耳聋，每100只中有1.39只存在某种类型的听力损失。有危险因素儿童的耳朵中病理发生率更高：每100只中有1.8只患有严重/深度耳聋，每100只中有7.59只存在某种类型的听力损失。
瞬态诱发耳声发射用于婴幼儿听力筛查时是一种有效的方法，因为它客观、无创且快速。它与听觉诱发电位的相关性非常高，证明了其可靠性。进行此项检测（耳声发射）的最佳时机是在确认患儿出院时。我们认为普遍筛查是必要的，尽管有危险因素的儿童中耳聋发生率要高得多。不应推迟建立婴幼儿耳聋早期检测项目。
