Francis K T
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294, USA.
Phys Ther. 1999 Apr;79(4):405-14.
In Healthy People 2000, the national strategy for improving the health of the American people by the year 2000, lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity are major determinants of chronic disease and disability. Despite the documented benefits of exercise in enhancing health and reducing the risk of premature death, only 1 of the 13 physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000 has been met or exceeded. Although progress toward 5 objectives for the year 2000 has been made, 3 objectives are actually farther from attainment. Coronary heart disease death rates (Objective 1.1) have declined, and the prevalence of overweight people (Objective 1.2) has increased. Overall physical activity in adults (Objectives 1.3 and 1.4) and strengthening and stretching activities in children (Objective 1.6) have increased, but reduction in the percentage of sedentary persons (Objective 1.5) has showed no change. The proportion of the population adopting sound dietary practices combined with regular physical activity to attain appropriate body weight (Objective 1.7) has declined. Even though participation in daily school physical education (Objective 1.8) has shown a decline during the past several years, students who are enrolled in physical education classes are spending more time performing physical activities (Objective 1.9). The proportion of work sites offering employer-sponsored physical activity and fitness programs (Objective 1.10) has increased substantially, surpassing the year 2000 goal. Data to update progress for increasing physical activity levels of children (Objectives 1.3-1.5), community exercise facilities (Objective 1.11), clinician counseling about physical activity (Objective 1.12), and improvement in personal self-care activities (Objective 1.13) are not yet available.
《健康人民2000》是到2000年改善美国人民健康状况的国家战略，诸如缺乏体育活动等生活方式因素是慢性病和残疾的主要决定因素。尽管有记录表明运动对增进健康和降低过早死亡风险有益，但《健康人民2000》的13项体育活动和健身目标中只有1项得到了实现或超越。虽然在2000年的5项目标方面取得了进展，但有3项目标实际上离实现更远。冠心病死亡率（目标1.1）有所下降，超重人群的患病率（目标1.2）有所上升。成年人的总体体育活动（目标1.3和1.4）以及儿童的强化和伸展活动（目标1.6）有所增加，但久坐不动者的比例（目标1.5）没有变化。采用合理饮食做法并结合定期体育活动以达到适当体重的人口比例（目标1.7）有所下降。尽管过去几年参加日常学校体育教育（目标1.8）的人数有所下降，但参加体育课的学生进行体育活动的时间更多了（目标1.9）。提供雇主赞助的体育活动和健身计划的工作场所比例（目标1.10）大幅增加，超过了2000年的目标。关于提高儿童体育活动水平（目标1.3 - 1.5）、社区健身设施（目标1.11）、临床医生关于体育活动的咨询（目标1.12）以及个人自我保健活动改善情况（目标1.13）的最新进展数据尚不可用。
