Hsu Y, Wolf LL
Department of Biology, Syracuse University
Anim Behav. 1999 Apr;57(4):903-910. doi: 10.1006/anbe.1998.1049.
An important question in state-dependent behaviour is how multiple influences on state are integrated to determine current behaviour. Aggressive behaviour is known to be affected by a prior contest experience. Nevertheless, whether and how multiple prior fighting experiences are integrated into a fighting decision remain unexplored. In this study, individuals of Rivulus marmoratus (Cyprinodontidae), a hermaphroditic fish, were given different combinations of two prior fighting experiences to investigate: (1) the effect of penultimate experiences on the probability of winning a subsequent contest; (2) the relative effect of a recent win and loss; and (3) whether the effect of a winning experience was as short lived as observed in other species. Penultimate and recent fighting experiences were given to the test fish approximately 48 and 24 h prior to the dyadic contests, respectively. From the results of the five types of contests staged, we conclude that: (1) penultimate fighting experiences had a significant effect on the probability of winning a subsequent contest; (2) a more recent experience had a more pronounced effect than an earlier experience, which suggested that the effect of a fighting experience would decay and/or the effect of a recent experience would interfere with the effect of an earlier experience; (3) no asymmetric effect between a winning experience and a losing experience was detected; and (4) the effect of both a winning and a losing experience lasted for at least 48 h in R. marmoratus which was the maximum time tested in these experiments. The possible reasons for the differences in results among studies of experience effects on contest outcomes are discussed. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
在状态依赖行为中，一个重要问题是多种对状态的影响如何整合以决定当前行为。已知攻击性行为会受到先前争斗经历的影响。然而，多个先前争斗经历是否以及如何整合到争斗决策中仍未得到探索。在本研究中，给雌雄同体的珠点帆鳉（Cyprinodontidae）个体提供两种先前争斗经历的不同组合，以研究：（1）倒数第二次经历对赢得后续争斗概率的影响；（2）近期胜负经历的相对影响；（3）获胜经历的影响是否像在其他物种中观察到的那样短暂。分别在二元争斗前约48小时和24小时给受试鱼提供倒数第二次和近期争斗经历。从所进行的五种类型争斗的结果来看，我们得出以下结论：（1）倒数第二次争斗经历对赢得后续争斗的概率有显著影响；（2）近期经历比早期经历的影响更显著，这表明争斗经历的影响会衰减和/或近期经历的影响会干扰早期经历的影响；（3）未检测到获胜经历和失败经历之间的不对称效应；（4）在珠点帆鳉中，获胜和失败经历的影响至少持续48小时，这是这些实验中测试的最长时间。讨论了不同研究中经验对争斗结果影响的结果差异的可能原因。版权所有1999动物行为研究协会。
