Weiss U
Soz Praventivmed. 1976 Nov-Dec;21(6):258-62. doi: 10.1007/BF02102158.
Posture results from numerous alternating factors and reflects the attitude of an individual towards a definite situation. If the different conditions, namely the capacity and the willingness of posture, do not correspond to the requirements of the situation the "normal" erect posture will change. The development from abnormal posture into irreversible abnormalities and damages in posture is easy. In order to eliminate these risks one can try to reduce the potential of the situation on the one hand and to improve the capacity of the individual through adequate physical exercise on the other. The practice of daily physical activity at school or during leisure time is the best way to compensate for lack of exercise, to modify prolonged unfavourable situations, and to develop the physical capacity in such a way that dangerous loads can be supported without damage. The versatility of training, in combination with adequate gymnastical exercises and sports help to educate the sense of posture and movement with the effect that erect posture can be adopted and maintained. But only children who feel that erect posture is reflecting their personal image will finally keep the erect posture. Special attention is given to elite training in childhood and adolescence, when the vertebral column is particularly exposed to danger by the intensity of the training and must be protected against deformations by carefully chosen preventive measures.
姿势由众多交替作用的因素决定，并反映个体对特定情境的态度。如果不同条件，即姿势的能力和意愿，不符合情境的要求，“正常”的直立姿势就会改变。从异常姿势发展为姿势的不可逆异常和损伤很容易。为了消除这些风险，一方面可以尝试降低情境的潜在影响，另一方面通过适当的体育锻炼提高个体的能力。在学校或休闲时间进行日常体育活动是弥补运动不足、改变长期不利情境以及发展身体能力的最佳方式，这样可以承受危险负荷而不造成损伤。训练的多样性，结合适当的体操练习和运动，有助于培养姿势和运动意识，从而能够采用并保持直立姿势。但只有那些认为直立姿势能反映其个人形象的儿童最终才会保持直立姿势。儿童期和青少年期的精英训练会受到特别关注，此时脊柱因训练强度而特别容易面临危险，必须通过精心选择的预防措施来防止其变形。
