Buitelaar J K, van der Wees M, Swaab-Barneveld H, van der Gaag R J
University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Dev Psychopathol. 1999 Winter;11(1):39-58. doi: 10.1017/s0954579499001947.
The hypothesis was tested that weak theory of mind (ToM) and/or emotion recognition (ER) abilities are specific to subjects with autism. Differences in ToM and ER performance were examined between autistic (n = 20), pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) (n = 20), psychiatric control (n = 20), and normal children (n = 20). The clinical groups were matched person-to-person on age and verbal IQ. We used tasks for the matching and the context recognition of emotional expressions, and a set of first- and second-order ToM tasks. Autistic and PDD-NOS children could not be significantly differentiated from each other, nor could they be differentiated from the psychiatric controls with a diagnosis of ADHD (n = 9). The psychiatric controls with conduct disorder or dysthymia performed about as well as normal children. The variance in second-order ToM performance contributed most to differences between diagnostic groups.
研究对“心理理论（ToM）薄弱和/或情绪识别（ER）能力是自闭症患者所特有的”这一假设进行了验证。研究考察了自闭症儿童（n = 20）、未特定的广泛性发育障碍（PDD-NOS）儿童（n = 20）、精神科对照儿童（n = 20）和正常儿童（n = 20）在ToM和ER表现上的差异。临床组在年龄和语言智商方面进行了个体匹配。我们使用了情绪表达匹配和情境识别任务，以及一系列一阶和二阶ToM任务。自闭症儿童和PDD-NOS儿童之间没有显著差异，他们与被诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的精神科对照儿童（n = 9）也没有差异。患有品行障碍或心境恶劣障碍的精神科对照儿童表现与正常儿童相当。二阶ToM表现的差异对诊断组之间的差异贡献最大。
