Eyler F D, Behnke M
Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
Clin Perinatol. 1999 Mar;26(1):107-50, vii.
This article includes a summary and critique of methodological limitations of the peer-reviewed studies of developmental outcome during the first 2 years in children prenatally exposed to the most commonly used drugs of abuse: tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, heroin/methadone, and cocaine. Reported effects vary by specific drug or drug combinations and amount and timing of exposure; however, few thresholds have been established. Drug effects also appear to be exacerbated in children with multiple risks, including poverty, and nonoptimal caregiving environments. Although prenatal exposure to any one drug cannot reliably predict the outcome of an individual child, it may be a marker for an array of variables that can impact development. Appropriate intervention strategies require future research that determines which factors place exposed children at risk and which are protective for optimal development.
本文包含对同行评审研究的方法学局限性的总结与批判，这些研究涉及产前暴露于最常用滥用药物（烟草、酒精、大麻、海洛因/美沙酮和可卡因）的儿童在出生后头两年的发育结果。报告的影响因特定药物或药物组合以及暴露量和时间而异；然而，几乎没有确定阈值。在包括贫困和非最佳照料环境等多种风险因素的儿童中，药物影响似乎会加剧。虽然产前暴露于任何一种药物都不能可靠地预测单个儿童的发育结果，但它可能是一系列会影响发育的变量的一个标志。适当的干预策略需要未来的研究来确定哪些因素使暴露儿童面临风险，哪些因素对最佳发育具有保护作用。
