Resnick B
University of Maryland, School of Nursing, USA.
J Adv Nurs. 1999 Apr;29(4):792-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.00954.x.
The concept of motivation has great relevance for the older adult because of the multiple problems that can result in functional limitations. The ability to overcome and transcend these problems is related to the individuals' motivation to maintain and/or improve function. The purpose of this study, which used a naturalistic or constructivist inquiry, was to explore what motivates the institutionalized older adult to perform functional activities. Primary selection was used to obtain the sample which included 44 older adults, 37 (84%) females, and 7(16%) males. The average of participants was 88 +/- 6.4, and they were institutionalized for 2.8 +/- 2.8 years. Semi-structured interviews were done in the participants room. Data analysis involved content analysis. A total of 27 codes were initially identified, and these were categorized and developed into five major themes: Personality, Goals, Beliefs, Fear and Physical factors. The participants indicated that basic personality had a major on motivation, i.e. 'a leopard can't change his spots'. Further findings suggested that although personality may be central to the individuals' motivation to perform, goals, fear, beliefs and physiological sensations also influenced motivation and behavior. Appropriate interventions can be used to foster motivation to perform functional activities for institutionalized older adults.
动机的概念对老年人具有重大意义，因为多种问题可能导致功能受限。克服和超越这些问题的能力与个体维持和/或改善功能的动机相关。本研究采用自然主义或建构主义探究方法，目的是探索是什么促使住养老院的老年人进行功能活动。通过初级筛选获取样本，其中包括44名老年人，37名（84%）女性和7名（16%）男性。参与者的平均年龄为88±6.4岁，他们入住养老院的时间为2.8±2.8年。在参与者房间进行了半结构化访谈。数据分析采用内容分析法。最初共确定了27个编码，并将其分类并归纳为五个主要主题：个性、目标、信念、恐惧和身体因素。参与者表示基本个性对动机有重大影响，即“江山易改，本性难移”。进一步的研究结果表明，虽然个性可能是个体执行动机的核心，但目标、恐惧、信念和生理感觉也会影响动机和行为。可以采用适当的干预措施来激发住养老院老年人进行功能活动的动机。
