Alfonso Gil R, Hurtado Navarro I, Espacio Casanovas A, Santos Rubio G, Tomás Dols S
Centro de Información y Prevención del SIDA, Centro de Salud Pública de Valencia, Valencia, Valencia, 46007, España.
Gac Sanit. 1999 Jan-Feb;13(1):16-21. doi: 10.1016/s0213-9111(99)71317-8.
The purpose of this study was to describe the sociodemographic and serologic profiles in a first time consultant population at the Information and AIDS Prevention Center of Valencia (Spain). In addition, the HIV infection risk factors were analyzed.
A cross-sectional study was performed on 1,573 persons who consulted during the year 1995. Sociodemographic and infection risk practices data were recorded and serologic information about HIV, HBV and HCV infection were obtained. Exact binomial method with a 95% interval confidence was used to calculate infection prevalence and the chi square test to make comparisons between qualitative variables.
Sex distribution was 66,1% males and 31,9% females; mean age was 29,01 (SD: 9.2) years. Sexual intercourse without condom (25.2%) and parenteral drug abusers (22.6%) were the more frequent risk groups seeking consultation about HIV infection. Global HIV infection prevalence was 12.7% (95% CI= 11,2-14,5%). Among HIV seropositive patients, sexual transmission accounted for 30.8% of cases, of which 69.4% were heterosexual relations. The HIV infection prevalence for different risk groups were the following: parenteral drug abusers 36.8% (95% CI= 31,7-42%), heterosexual intercourse with an HIV-infected partner 24.1% (95% CI= 17,1-32,2%) and homosexual intercourse between men 9,5% (95% CI= 5,8-14,5%). HCV antibody prevalence for parenteral drug abusers was 81.2% (95% CI= 76,7-85,1%). Risk practices with a statistically significant association with HIV infection were: being an injecting drug abuser, as well as having an HIV infected and/or a injecting drug abuser partner.
Drug parenteral abusers are still the target population for prevention programs. Data suggest that prevention and sexual education programs must continue. The main effort should be focused on the young population and on sexual partners of injecting drug abusers and/or HIV seropositive partners.
本研究旨在描述西班牙巴伦西亚信息与艾滋病预防中心初次咨询人群的社会人口统计学和血清学特征。此外，还对艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染风险因素进行了分析。
对1995年咨询的1573人进行了横断面研究。记录了社会人口统计学和感染风险行为数据，并获取了有关HIV、乙肝病毒（HBV）和丙肝病毒（HCV）感染的血清学信息。采用精确二项式方法和95%区间置信度计算感染率，并用卡方检验对定性变量进行比较。
性别分布为男性66.1%，女性31.9%；平均年龄为29.01岁（标准差：9.2）。无保护性行为（25.2%）者和注射吸毒者（22.6%）是咨询HIV感染问题较常见的风险人群。HIV总体感染率为12.7%（95%置信区间=11.2-14.5%）。在HIV血清学阳性患者中，性传播占病例的30.8%，其中69.4%为异性关系。不同风险人群的HIV感染率如下：注射吸毒者36.8%（95%置信区间=31.7-42%），与HIV感染者发生异性性行为者24.1%（95%置信区间=17.1-32.2%），男性同性性行为者9.5%（95%置信区间=5.8-14.5%）。注射吸毒者的HCV抗体阳性率为81.2%（95%置信区间=76.7-85.1%）。与HIV感染有统计学显著关联的风险行为包括：为注射吸毒者，以及有HIV感染者和/或注射吸毒者伴侣。
注射吸毒者仍是预防项目的目标人群。数据表明，预防和性教育项目必须继续开展。主要工作应集中在年轻人群以及注射吸毒者和/或HIV血清学阳性者的性伴侣身上。
