Hovey R C, McFadden T B, Akers R M
Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1402, USA.
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 1999 Jan;4(1):53-68. doi: 10.1023/a:1018704603426.
The growth and morphogenesis of mammary parenchyma varies substantially between species and is regulated by an array of systemic and local factors. Central to this regulation is the mammary fat pad, a matrix of adipose and connective tissue capable of mediating hormone action and synthesizing an array of growth regulatory molecules. In this article we highlight differences between the morphological development of the mammary parenchyma in rodents, humans, and ruminant dairy animals, placing emphasis on differences in the cellular composition and structure of the mammary fat pad. While a great deal remains to be understood about the ability of stroma to locally regulate mammary development, the significance of its contribution is becoming increasingly apparent. The actions of several steroid and peptide hormones appear to be mediated by an array of growth factors, proteases and extracellular matrix components synthesized by constituents of the mammary fat pad. Further, mammary adipose tissue represents a significant store of lipid which, by itself and through its derivatives, could influence the growth of mammary epithelium in diverse ways. This review describes the integral role of the mammary fat pad during mammogenesis, emphasizing the point that species differences must be addressed if local growth and morphogenic mechanisms within the mammary gland are to be resolved.
乳腺实质的生长和形态发生在不同物种之间有很大差异，并受一系列全身和局部因素的调节。这种调节的核心是乳腺脂肪垫，它是一种由脂肪和结缔组织构成的基质，能够介导激素作用并合成一系列生长调节分子。在本文中，我们重点介绍了啮齿动物、人类和反刍类泌乳动物乳腺实质形态发育的差异，着重阐述了乳腺脂肪垫细胞组成和结构的差异。虽然关于基质局部调节乳腺发育的能力仍有许多有待了解之处，但其贡献的重要性正变得越来越明显。几种甾体激素和肽类激素的作用似乎是由乳腺脂肪垫成分合成的一系列生长因子、蛋白酶和细胞外基质成分介导的。此外，乳腺脂肪组织是脂质的重要储存部位，其本身及其衍生物可能以多种方式影响乳腺上皮的生长。本综述描述了乳腺脂肪垫在乳腺发生过程中的重要作用，强调如果要解决乳腺内局部生长和形态发生机制问题，就必须考虑物种差异。
