Nelson-Marten P, Rich B A
School of Nursing, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA.
Semin Oncol Nurs. 1999 May;15(2):81-8. doi: 10.1016/s0749-2081(99)80065-5.
To review the historical perspective of informed consent in clinical practice and research as it pertains to human subjects.
Published professional journals, books, case law, and the internet pertaining to the historical development of informed consent.
The history of informed consent is complex. Informed consent as a fundamental principle of clinical ethics has developed within the past 50 years. Full disclosure and shared decision making have not come naturally to clinicians. Consequently, respecting the autonomy of patients and research subjects requires a conscious, sustained effort by clinicians.
Knowledge of the history of informed consent is important for practicing cancer nurses to ensure they understand the significance of preserving patient autonomy and advocate for the patient and research subject.
回顾临床实践和研究中与人类受试者相关的知情同意的历史观点。
与知情同意历史发展相关的已发表专业期刊、书籍、判例法及互联网。
知情同意的历史错综复杂。作为临床伦理基本原则的知情同意在过去50年内得以发展。充分披露信息和共同决策对临床医生而言并非自然而然就能做到。因此，尊重患者和研究受试者的自主权需要临床医生有意识地持续努力。
了解知情同意的历史对于执业肿瘤护士而言很重要，可确保他们理解维护患者自主权的重要性，并为患者和研究受试者代言。
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