Philips B U, Mahan J M, Kroshel F T
J Allied Health. 1978 Fall;7(4):288-93.
The distribution of health personnel and the resulting shortages of health care to economically depressed, ethnic, rural and inner city areas is a serious problem. Recruiting students from and training them in underserved areas has been suggested as one way to improve retention rates among graduates of allied health programs. A one-year follow-up survey of 1974 graduates of allied health programs sponsored by an Area Health Education Center located in an underserved, one ethnic group predominant rural area was done to test this approach. Results show that of the 122 graduates surveyed in this study, one year after graduation 85% had returned to work in the area of their previous residence. Among professional groups, licensed vocational nurses experienced the least migration. Generally, professions requiring higher levels of education showed higher relocation rates. Sex and ethnicity were related to these findings. The appeal of higher salaries or material benefits alone did not appear to attract graduates to migrate. It appears that communities with shortages of health manpower due to maldistribution may be successful in correcting this problem by recruiting students from their own area. Possible explanations and recommendations related to these findings are discussed.
卫生人员分布不均，导致经济萧条地区、少数民族聚居区、农村地区和市中心城区医疗服务短缺，这是一个严重的问题。有人建议，从服务欠缺地区招收学生并在这些地区对他们进行培训，是提高联合健康项目毕业生留用率的一种方法。对位于一个服务欠缺、以单一民族为主的农村地区的地区健康教育中心资助的联合健康项目1974年毕业生进行了为期一年的跟踪调查，以检验这种方法。结果显示，在本研究中接受调查的122名毕业生中，毕业一年后85% 的人回到了他们以前居住地区工作。在专业群体中，持牌职业护士的迁移率最低。一般来说，要求更高教育水平的职业显示出更高的重新安置率。性别和种族与这些调查结果有关。仅更高的薪资或物质福利的吸引力似乎并未吸引毕业生迁移。由于分布不均而出现卫生人力短缺的社区，通过从本地区招收学生，似乎有可能成功解决这一问题。文中讨论了与这些调查结果相关的可能解释和建议。
