Miller D B, Goldman L E, Woodman S A
J Long Term Care Adm. 1985 Fall;13(3):85-9.
The small number of respondents and the absence of specific demographic data concerning the three categories of respondents represented definite limitations. Further investigation in other long-term care facilities clearly is indicated. However, as a preliminary survey of preferences in nursing home interior design, several interesting findings have emerged: Patients, staff and families all emphasized patient safety and function over aesthetics. Yet, more residents than staff and families were concerned with appearance. Although experts advocate creating a home-like atmosphere in the nursing home, 50% or more of each group applied different criteria for specific design elements for private homes and for long-term care institutions. Design preferences for the three groups were similar, with an emphasis on modern furniture, painted walls, resilient tile rather than carpet, blinds, pastel and warm colors, and the use of paintings as accessories. Contrary to study assumptions, design features that promote patient individuality (e.g., patient artwork) received much greater emphasis from staff than from patients and families. Environmental change was considered an important aspect of interior design. Of the three constituencies, staff was most aware of periodic changes in decor and considered change as "very important" more often than did families or patients. As the nature of the nursing home patient population has changed--with residents presenting more disability and less rehabilitation potential and less likelihood of returning home--the ambiance of facilities has assumed even more importance. Clearly, the design preferences of residents who live in the facility are of paramount importance. However, it is also helpful to have an environment that is pleasing to family members who often experience difficulty in ongoing visitations, particularly to intellectually impaired relatives. Maintaining staff morale at a high level is a constant challenge in a long-term care facility because inevitably, in spite of the active rehabilitation efforts of the entire treatment team, the condition of patients eventually will worsen. Thus, an attractive lively setting can prove beneficial to those who visit and work in the nursing home. Effective long-term care, which includes attention to the physical environment, should be concerned with the triad of residents, their families, and staff. Awareness that interior design does indeed impact on overall quality of life should lead the nursing home administrator to collaborate with residents, staff, and families and to share their input with professional design consultants.
受访者数量较少，且缺乏有关这三类受访者的具体人口统计数据，这显然存在局限性。显然需要在其他长期护理机构中进行进一步调查。然而，作为对养老院室内设计偏好的初步调查，出现了一些有趣的发现：患者、工作人员和家属都强调患者安全和功能高于美观。然而，关注外观的居民比工作人员和家属更多。尽管专家主张在养老院营造家庭般的氛围，但每组中50%或更多的人对私人住宅和长期护理机构的特定设计元素采用了不同的标准。三组的设计偏好相似，重点是现代家具、粉刷墙壁、弹性瓷砖而非地毯、百叶窗、柔和温暖的颜色以及使用画作作为装饰。与研究假设相反，促进患者个性的设计特征（如患者的艺术作品）在工作人员那里得到的重视远远超过患者和家属。环境变化被认为是室内设计的一个重要方面。在这三个群体中，工作人员最了解装饰的定期变化，并且比家属或患者更经常地认为变化“非常重要”。随着养老院患者群体的性质发生变化——居民的残疾程度更高，康复潜力更小，回家的可能性更小——设施的氛围变得更加重要。显然，居住在该设施中的居民的设计偏好至关重要。然而，拥有一个让经常在持续探访中遇到困难的家庭成员，特别是有智力障碍亲属的家庭成员感到愉悦的环境也很有帮助。在长期护理机构中保持工作人员的高昂士气是一项持续的挑战，因为不可避免的是，尽管整个治疗团队积极进行康复努力，但患者的病情最终还是会恶化。因此，一个有吸引力、充满活力的环境对那些在养老院探访和工作的人可能有益。有效的长期护理，包括对物理环境的关注，应该关注居民、他们的家属和工作人员这三者。意识到室内设计确实会影响整体生活质量，应该促使养老院管理人员与居民、工作人员和家属合作，并与专业设计顾问分享他们的意见。
