Thompson F, Jones L R
J Policy Anal Manage. 1986;5(3):547-71.
Ineffective or incompetent controllership is, perhaps, the most common managerial failure found in the public sector. This failure affects outcomes and achievements in every area of public policy--often profoundly. Controllers design and operate management control systems. The effectiveness of alternative control system designs depends upon the cost and production behavior of the good or service in question. But control strategies are seldom consciously or effectively matched to circumstances. As a consequence, public programs are too often simultaneously overcontrolled and out of control.
无效或不称职的主计长制度或许是公共部门中最常见的管理失误。这种失误影响着公共政策各个领域的结果和成就——往往影响深远。主计长负责设计和运作管理控制系统。替代控制系统设计的有效性取决于相关商品或服务的成本和生产行为。但控制策略很少能有意识地或有效地与具体情况相匹配。结果，公共项目常常同时受到过度控制却又失控。
