McCormick R A
Health Prog. 1987 Mar;68(2):33-7.
The Ethics Committee of the American Fertility Society recently released its report, "Ethical Considerations of the New Reproductive Technologies." The report examines general ethical, legal, and biological aspects of and makes ethical recommendations on procreative technologies, from standard in vitro fertilization, through all its possible variations and accompaniments, including donor gametes and preembryos, surrogate mothers, and cryopreservation. The judgment of ethical acceptability of third-party involvement in reproductive technology is the report's weakest aspect. The potential impact of such participation was not sufficiently weighed because of primacy given to a single value: the provision of a baby to an individual couple, or even an individual, who could not otherwise have one. A dissent to the report is based on two analyses: Third-party involvement itself violates the marriage covenant, independent of any potential damaging effects or benefits, and relaxation of marital exclusivity could harm the marriage (and marriage in general) and the prospective child. The committee also failed to resolve the problem of preembryo status. Instead, it recommended that local programs offering reproductive assistance draw up their own policies.
美国生育协会伦理委员会最近发布了其报告《新生殖技术的伦理考量》。该报告审视了生殖技术在伦理、法律和生物学方面的一般情况，并就生殖技术提出了伦理建议，这些技术涵盖标准体外受精及其所有可能的变体和相关情况，包括供体配子和胚胎、代孕母亲以及冷冻保存。报告中关于第三方参与生殖技术的伦理可接受性的判断是最薄弱的环节。由于将单一价值观置于首位，即让无法生育的夫妻甚至个人拥有一个孩子，这种参与的潜在影响没有得到充分权衡。对该报告的一项异议基于两点分析：第三方参与本身就违反了婚姻契约，而不考虑任何潜在的损害或益处，并且放宽婚姻排他性可能会损害婚姻（以及整个婚姻制度）和未来的孩子。该委员会也未能解决胚胎前体的地位问题。相反，它建议提供生殖援助的地方项目制定自己的政策。
