Mirenda R M, Wright C
Health Prog. 1987 Mar;68(2):63-7, 94.
Religious sponsors such as the Franciscans must develop an approach that reaffirms their mission goals in today's technological, competitive health care environment. The Neuman Systems Model, originally designed to help nurses incorporate values in their practice, offers a way to achieve this goal. This model provides a clearly defined system that identifies the client as a total person and a classification of stressors that all health team members can apply. It is compatible with such Catholic traditions as the Franciscans because of its: Holistic, systems approach; Emphasis on person as client; Inherent flexibility. According to the model, the client is a unique composite of physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual variables and has a central structure surrounded by lines of defense and resistance. Health care providers can use primary, secondary, or tertiary preventions, depending on the client's degree of reaction to stressors. Health care facilitates the client's system stability or harmony through either attainment or maintenance of optimal wellness. With this model and their mission values, religious institutes can develop creative ways to respond to client needs in an increasingly bureaucratic and business-oriented environment.
像方济各会这样的宗教赞助者必须制定一种方法，在当今技术化、竞争激烈的医疗环境中重申其使命目标。纽曼系统模式最初旨在帮助护士在实践中融入价值观，为实现这一目标提供了一条途径。该模式提供了一个明确定义的系统，将服务对象视为一个完整的人，并对所有医疗团队成员都能应用的应激源进行分类。由于其整体的、系统的方法；强调将人视为服务对象；固有的灵活性，它与方济各会等天主教传统相契合。根据该模式，服务对象是生理、心理、社会文化、发展和精神变量的独特组合，其核心结构被防御线和抵抗线所包围。医疗服务提供者可以根据服务对象对应激源的反应程度，采用一级、二级或三级预防措施。医疗保健通过实现或维持最佳健康状态，促进服务对象的系统稳定性或和谐。借助这一模式及其使命价值观，宗教机构可以在日益官僚化和商业化的环境中，找到创造性的方式来满足服务对象的需求。
