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英格兰和威尔士的急性农药中毒

Acute pesticide poisoning in England and Wales.

作者信息

Vale T J, Meredith T J, Buckley B M

出版信息

Health Trends. 1987 Feb;19(1):5-7.

Abstract

Between 1979 and 1983 less than 1% of admissions from acute poisoning in the UK were due to pesticides and fewer than 4% of admissions in those under 5 years were from this cause. Organochlorine, organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides account for only 10% of the total in both children and adults. Suspected pesticide poisoning was the cause of fewer than 0.3% of home accidents in those under 10 years of age and less than 4% of suspected poisonings documented by the Home Accident Surveillance System. Rodenticides were thought to be involved in 62% of these cases. Of children who presented to hospital 42% were admitted and 93% of these were discharged home within 2 days. In the UK, the morbidity from acute pesticide poisoning in children is low and the mortality is nil and there is therefore no evidence to support the view that paediatric pesticide intoxication is a significant clinical problem. Though no fatalities were recorded in children, pesticides were responsible for 1.3% of all deaths due to poisoning in the UK between 1979 and 1983. In adults admitted to hospital, the mortality from pesticide poisoning is approximately 12% and three quarters of these deaths are due to the deliberate ingestion of paraquat. The general term pesticide refers to a group of products that are used as insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides, and plant growth agents. Chemically, the group includes bipyridilium compounds, carbamates, chloralose, chlorates, coumarins, dinitro compounds, dithiocarbamates, fluoroacetates, organochlorine organophosphorus and organotin compounds, pentachlorophenol, phenoxyacetates, phosphine (as magnesium and aluminium phosphides), pyrethrins, pyrethroids and triazines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

摘要

1979年至1983年间,英国因急性中毒入院的病例中,农药中毒导致的比例不到1%,5岁以下儿童因农药中毒入院的比例不到4%。有机氯、有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂在儿童和成人中的中毒病例总数中仅占10%。疑似农药中毒导致10岁以下儿童家庭事故的比例不到0.3%,在家庭事故监测系统记录的疑似中毒病例中占比不到4%。灭鼠剂被认为与其中62%的病例有关。到医院就诊的儿童中,42%入院,其中93%在2天内出院。在英国,儿童急性农药中毒的发病率较低,死亡率为零,因此没有证据支持小儿农药中毒是一个重大临床问题的观点。虽然儿童中没有记录到死亡病例,但在1979年至1983年间,农药导致了英国所有中毒死亡病例的1.3%。在入院的成人中,农药中毒的死亡率约为12%,其中四分之三的死亡是由于故意摄入百草枯。一般来说,农药是指用作杀虫剂、杀螨剂、杀菌剂、除草剂、灭鼠剂和植物生长剂的一组产品。从化学角度来看,该组包括联吡啶化合物、氨基甲酸酯类、氯醛糖、氯酸盐、香豆素、二硝基化合物、二硫代氨基甲酸盐、氟乙酸盐、有机氯、有机磷和有机锡化合物、五氯苯酚、苯氧基乙酸盐、磷化氢(如磷化镁和磷化铝)、除虫菊素、拟除虫菊酯和三嗪类。(摘要截断于250字)

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