Dunmire S N
J Med Pract Manage. 1988 Winter;3(3):184-6.
Physicians are seeking to maintain their practices in the midst of competitive pressures from various delivery systems. However, health maintenance organizations (HMOs) do not have the stronghold they had in the past. Several HMOs discontinued their Medicare risk contracts due to inadequate reimbursement rates, and others experienced financial losses in the October stock market crash. Independent practice associations (IPAs), the most popular HMO type, are particularly plagued by financial problems.
在来自各种医疗服务体系的竞争压力下，医生们正努力维持他们的业务。然而，健康维护组织（HMOs）已不再拥有过去那样的优势地位。几家HMOs因报销率不足而终止了他们的医疗保险风险合同，其他一些组织则在10月的股市崩盘中遭受了财务损失。独立执业协会（IPAs）作为最受欢迎的HMO类型，尤其受到财务问题的困扰。
