van der Hoef M, Schlatter M, Gemsenjäger E
Chirurgische Abteilung, Spital Pflegi-Neumünster, Zollikerberg.
Praxis (Bern 1994). 1999 Apr 8;88(15):663-8.
Visceral pain is caused by either distension or contraction of the visceral muscular wall or obstruction of hollow gastrointestinal organs. Unlike the somatic pain due to peritonitis, visceral pain is diffuse, epigastric, periumbilical and is often accompanied by nausea, vomiting and restlessness. We demonstrate the significance of visceral pain in the differential diagnosis of the acute abdomen presenting five cases of appendicitis and cholecystitis. A correct early diagnosis of the acute abdomen while signs of local peritonitis are still absent (appendicitis in atypical location, recurrent acute appendicitis, spontaneous reopening of an occlusion) is facilitated by the awareness for the characteristics and symptoms of visceral pain, and therefore careful taking of the patient's history. A history lacking visceral pain on the other hand represents an important clue for the diagnosis of other conditions (gynecological, diverticulititis, etc.) with acute pelvic peritonitis.
内脏痛是由内脏肌壁的扩张或收缩,或中空胃肠道器官的梗阻引起的。与腹膜炎所致的躯体痛不同,内脏痛是弥漫性的,位于上腹部、脐周,常伴有恶心、呕吐和烦躁不安。我们通过展示5例阑尾炎和胆囊炎病例来阐述内脏痛在急腹症鉴别诊断中的重要性。在内脏腹膜炎体征仍未出现时(非典型部位阑尾炎、复发性急性阑尾炎、梗阻自发再通),若能认识到内脏痛的特点和症状,并因此仔细询问患者病史,有助于对急腹症做出正确的早期诊断。另一方面,没有内脏痛的病史是诊断其他伴有急性盆腔腹膜炎疾病(妇科疾病、憩室炎等)的重要线索。