Lambeau G, Lazdunski M
Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, 660 route des Lucioles, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France.
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1999 Apr;20(4):162-70. doi: 10.1016/s0165-6147(99)01300-0.
Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of the sn-2 acyl bond of glycerophospholipids to produce free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. Numerous intracellular and secreted PLA2s (sPLA2s) have now been characterized. Because PLA2 products are important for cell signalling and the biosynthesis of biologically active lipids, including eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor, PLA2s are generally considered as key enzymes that control the release of lipid mediator precursors. However, the increasing number of mammalian sPLA2s and the recent identification of different membrane proteins that bind sPLA2s makes it likely that these enzymes also behave as ligands for receptors, and that their physiological function is not limited to their catalytic activity. Here, the current state of awareness regarding the different types of sPLA2-binding proteins is described. To date, five distinct mammalian sPLA2s and two main types (M and N) of sPLA2 receptors have been identified. Because most is known about the M-type receptor, particular attention will be paid to it, including a description of it molecular properties and of its possible biological roles with regard to sPLA2 function.
磷脂酶A2（PLA2s）是一类催化甘油磷脂sn-2酰基键水解以产生游离脂肪酸和溶血磷脂的酶。现已对众多细胞内和分泌型PLA2s（sPLA2s）进行了表征。由于PLA2的产物对于细胞信号传导以及生物活性脂质（包括类花生酸和血小板活化因子）的生物合成至关重要，因此PLA2s通常被视为控制脂质介质前体释放的关键酶。然而，哺乳动物sPLA2s的数量不断增加，且最近发现了与sPLA2s结合的不同膜蛋白，这使得这些酶很可能也作为受体的配体发挥作用，并且其生理功能不限于催化活性。在此，将描述有关不同类型sPLA2结合蛋白的当前认知状况。迄今为止，已鉴定出五种不同的哺乳动物sPLA2s和两种主要类型（M型和N型）的sPLA2受体。由于对M型受体了解最多，因此将特别关注它，包括对其分子特性及其在sPLA2功能方面可能的生物学作用的描述。
