用于选择自动化患者护理信息系统的相关目标和标准的确定：德尔菲法。
The determination of relevant goals and criteria used to select an automated patient care information system: a Delphi approach.
作者信息
Chocholik J K, Bouchard S E, Tan J K, Ostrow D N
机构信息
Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, British Columbia, Canada.
出版信息
J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1999 May-Jun;6(3):219-33. doi: 10.1136/jamia.1999.0060219.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the relevant weighted goals and criteria for use in the selection of an automated patient care information system (PCIS) using a modified Delphi technique to achieve consensus.
DESIGN
A three-phase, six-round modified Delphi process was implemented by a ten-member PCIS selection task force. The first phase consisted of an exploratory round. It was followed by the second phase, of two rounds, to determine the selection goals and finally the third phase, of three rounds, to finalize the selection criteria.
RESULTS
Consensus on the goals and criteria for selecting a PCIS was measured during the Delphi process by reviewing the mean and standard deviation of the previous round's responses. After the study was completed, the results were analyzed using a limits-of-agreement indicator that showed strong agreement of each individual's responses between each of the goal determination rounds. Further analysis for variability in the group's response showed a significant movement to consensus after the first goal-determination iteration, with consensus reached on all goals by the end of the second iteration.
CONCLUSION
The results indicated that the relevant weighted goals and criteria used to make the final decision for an automated PCIS were developed as a result of strong agreement among members of the PCIS selection task force. It is therefore recognized that the use of the Delphi process was beneficial in achieving consensus among clinical and nonclinical members in a relatively short time while avoiding a decision based on political biases and the "groupthink" of traditional committee meetings. The results suggest that improvements could be made in lessening the number of rounds by having information available through side conversations, by having other statistical indicators besides the mean and standard deviation available between rounds, and by having a content expert address questions between rounds.
目的
运用改良德尔菲技术确定相关加权目标和标准，以用于选择自动化患者护理信息系统（PCIS），从而达成共识。
设计
由一个10人组成的PCIS选择特别工作组实施了一个分三个阶段、共六轮的改良德尔菲流程。第一阶段包括一轮探索性调研。接着是第二阶段，共两轮，用于确定选择目标，最后是第三阶段，共三轮，用于确定最终的选择标准。
结果
在德尔菲流程中，通过审查上一轮回复的均值和标准差来衡量对选择PCIS的目标和标准的共识。研究完成后，使用一致性界限指标对结果进行分析，该指标显示在每个目标确定轮次中，每个人的回复之间具有高度一致性。对小组回复变异性的进一步分析表明，在第一次目标确定迭代后，显著趋向于达成共识，到第二次迭代结束时，所有目标均达成了共识。
结论
结果表明，用于对自动化PCIS做出最终决策的相关加权目标和标准是PCIS选择特别工作组成员之间高度一致的结果。因此，可以认识到，德尔菲流程的使用有助于在相对较短的时间内使临床和非临床成员达成共识，同时避免基于政治偏见和传统委员会会议的“群体思维”做出决策。结果表明，通过在私下交流中提供信息、在轮次之间提供除均值和标准差之外的其他统计指标以及让内容专家在轮次之间解答问题，可以在减少轮次数量方面做出改进。
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