Radon emanation of building material--impact of back diffusion and difference between one-dimensional and three-dimensional tests.

Small-scale chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the radon emanation rates of commonly used building materials such as bare concrete, granite, red brick, and sand brick. It has been found that back diffusion caused by the accumulation of radon in the indoor environment has significant influence on the radon emanation rate. The radon emanation rate can be expressed as the summation of an initial emanation rate and the product of a specific back diffusion coefficient and the indoor radon level. In some occasions the radon emanation rate can be significantly lower than its initial value. A database was developed summarizing results from 26 samples. The influence of relative humidity on the radon emanation characteristics has also been discussed. Separate tests were done by coating the four sides of the building material with silicone gel to simulate a one-dimensional radon diffusion geometry. The results show that a factor has to be included when the three-dimensional test results are used to describe one-dimensional geometry, such as radon emanation from building wall surfaces.