Soufir N, Basset-Seguin N
INSERM Unité 312, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris.
Rev Prat. 1999 Apr 15;49(8):813-7.
Two main distinct subtypes of epithelial skin cancers can be distinguished, both arising from keratinocytes, most frequently at sun-exposed body sites. Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) grow slowly, nearly never metastases, whereas squamous carcinomas (SCC) are locally more invasive tumors, which have a greater metastatic potential. Skin carcinogenesis is a multiple step process, in which UV light play a major role. Numerous genetic lesions occur, either inactivating tumor suppressor genes (which normally repress cell growth), or activating oncogenes (which promote cellular multiplication). The most important tumor suppressor gene involved in both skin neoplasms is p53, which is inactivated in 40-50% of cases, by specific UV induced mutations. Yet, some differences exist between these two subtypes, which could explain their difference in invasiveness.
上皮性皮肤癌主要可分为两种不同的亚型，均起源于角质形成细胞，最常见于身体暴露于阳光的部位。基底细胞癌（BCC）生长缓慢，几乎从不转移，而鳞状细胞癌（SCC）是局部侵袭性更强的肿瘤，具有更大的转移潜力。皮肤癌发生是一个多步骤过程，其中紫外线起主要作用。会出现许多基因损伤，要么使肿瘤抑制基因失活（通常抑制细胞生长），要么激活癌基因（促进细胞增殖）。这两种皮肤肿瘤中最重要的肿瘤抑制基因是p53，在40%-50%的病例中，它会因特定的紫外线诱导突变而失活。然而，这两种亚型之间存在一些差异，这可以解释它们在侵袭性方面的差异。
