Wilson D H, Walsh P G, Sanchez L, Davis A C, Taylor A W, Tucker G, Meagher I
Centre for Population Studies in Epidemiology, Department of Human Services, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Int J Epidemiol. 1999 Apr;28(2):247-52. doi: 10.1093/ije/28.2.247.
This study measured the prevalence of hearing impairment, and major demographic factors that influence the prevalence, in a representative South Australian adult population sample aged > or = 15 years.
The study group was recruited from representative population surveys of South Australians. Participants in these surveys who reported a hearing disability were then recruited to an audiological study which measured air and bone conduction thresholds. In addition a sample of those people who reported no hearing disability were recruited to the audiological study.
The data reported in this study are the first in Australia to assess the prevalence of hearing impairment from a representative population survey using audiological methods. The data show that 16.6% of the South Australian population have a hearing impairment in the better ear at > or = 25 dBHTL and 22.2% in the worse ear at the same level. The results obtained in this representative sample compare well with those obtained in the British Study of Hearing, although some differences were observed.
Overall, there are only a few studies worldwide that have audiologically assessed the impairment of hearing from a representative population sample. The overall prevalence of hearing impairment in Australia is similar to that found in Great Britain, although there are some differences between the estimates of severity of impairment and some sex differences. The corroboration of the two studies reinforces the status of hearing impairment as the most common disability of adulthood. The present study also showed that there are a large number of Australians who may benefit from a more systematic community-based rehabilitation programme including the fitting of hearing aids. Secondly, the study identified the need for health goals and targets for hearing to be based on an epidemiological approach to the problem.
本研究测量了南澳大利亚州年龄大于或等于15岁的具有代表性的成年人群样本中听力障碍的患病率以及影响该患病率的主要人口统计学因素。
研究组从南澳大利亚州具有代表性的人口调查中招募。在这些调查中报告有听力残疾的参与者随后被招募到一项听力学研究中，该研究测量气导和骨导阈值。此外，还招募了一部分报告无听力残疾的人作为听力学研究的样本。
本研究报告的数据是澳大利亚首次通过听力学方法从具有代表性的人口调查中评估听力障碍患病率的数据。数据显示，南澳大利亚州16.6%的人口较好耳在大于或等于25 dBHTL时有听力障碍，较差耳在同一水平时这一比例为22.2%。尽管观察到了一些差异，但在这个具有代表性的样本中获得的结果与英国听力研究中获得的结果比较相符。
总体而言，全球范围内只有少数研究从具有代表性的人群样本中通过听力学方法评估了听力障碍情况。澳大利亚听力障碍的总体患病率与英国相似，尽管在障碍严重程度估计方面存在一些差异以及一些性别差异。两项研究结果的相互印证强化了听力障碍作为成年期最常见残疾的地位。本研究还表明，有大量澳大利亚人可能会从更系统的基于社区的康复计划中受益，包括佩戴助听器。其次，该研究确定需要基于对该问题的流行病学方法来设定听力方面的健康目标和指标。
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