Fishman S J
Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Semin Pediatr Surg. 1999 May;8(2):92-8. doi: 10.1016/s1055-8586(99)70023-5.
Vascular anomalies, including hemangiomas and vascular malformations, comprise 3% to 6% of mediastinal masses in childhood. These lesions, whether in the mediastinum or elsewhere, often are misdiagnosed and treated inappropriately. Correct diagnosis almost always can be established by history, external physical examination of associated anomalies, bronchoscopy, and/or radiographic studies. Hemangiomas are benign tumors that involute spontaneously but may require antiangiogenic therapy or laser ablation to maintain airway patency prior to involution. Vascular malformations, most commonly lymphatic in origin, will not involute nor respond to drug therapy. Resection and/or sclerotherapy often are indicated.
血管异常，包括血管瘤和血管畸形，占儿童纵隔肿块的3%至6%。这些病变，无论位于纵隔还是其他部位，常常被误诊且治疗不当。几乎总能通过病史、相关异常的外部体格检查、支气管镜检查和/或影像学研究来做出正确诊断。血管瘤是良性肿瘤，可自行消退，但在消退前可能需要抗血管生成治疗或激光消融以维持气道通畅。血管畸形，最常见起源于淋巴管，不会消退，对药物治疗也无反应。通常需要进行切除和/或硬化治疗。
