Empson J A, Purdie D W
Department of Psychology, University of Hull, and the Centre for Metabolic Bone Disease, Hull Royal Infirmary, UK.
Ann Med. 1999 Apr;31(2):141-5. doi: 10.3109/07853899708998790.
Sex steroid secretions are generally synchronous with the circadian rhythm and sleep, and there is evidence that prolactin secretion is sleep-dependent. Polysomnographically assessed changes in sleep during the menstrual cycle are characterized by increased EEG activity in the 14-15-Hz (sleep spindle) range in the luteal phase accompanying an increase in core temperature. There are no other consistent changes in sleep architecture associated with the menstrual cycle. The hot sweats which disturb sleep in menopausal women are attributable to oestrogen deficiency and are reduced by oestrogen replacement therapy. Although it is often assumed that the psychological changes during the menopause are attributable to chronic sleep disturbance caused by hot sweats, the evidence for this is uncertain. Sex steroids have also been shown to have a role in the aetiology of obstructive sleep apnoea and its treatment. It is clear that the sex steroids are all implicated in sleep and thermoregulatory processes, although we cannot as yet define their precise roles.
性类固醇的分泌通常与昼夜节律和睡眠同步，并且有证据表明催乳素的分泌依赖于睡眠。通过多导睡眠图评估月经周期中睡眠的变化，其特征是在黄体期核心体温升高的同时，脑电图活动在14 - 15赫兹（睡眠纺锤波）范围内增加。月经周期与睡眠结构没有其他一致的变化。绝经后女性中干扰睡眠的潮热归因于雌激素缺乏，雌激素替代疗法可减轻潮热。虽然人们常常认为更年期期间的心理变化归因于潮热引起的慢性睡眠障碍，但这方面的证据并不确定。性类固醇在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的病因及其治疗中也发挥了作用。很明显，性类固醇都与睡眠和体温调节过程有关，尽管我们目前还无法确定它们的确切作用。
