Heath S E, Chomel B B
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1243, USA.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 1998 Apr-Dec;13(2-4):58-62.
It commonly is rumored that in large scale disasters, packs of dogs present a human health hazard because of dog bites. However, it is likely that factors other than pack behavior comprise greater risk factors for dog bites in disaster-response personnel. Important risk factors include: 1) the density of the human population, which in turn, determines the number of dogs at a disaster site; 2) territorial behavior of dogs at their site of residence, which determines the frequency with which dogs may bite; and 3) whether rabies is present at endemic or epidemic levels within the area in which the disaster is occurring, which determines the likelihood of fatal outcomes. Persons bitten by a dog should seek medical attention as contraction of rabies may result in a fatal outcome from a dog bite. It is recommended that disaster response personnel obtain pre-exposure vaccination against rabies. Vaccinated or not, they immediately should seek post-exposure treatment for rabies following potential exposure.
人们普遍传言，在大规模灾难中，成群的狗会因咬人而对人类健康构成威胁。然而，在灾难应对人员遭遇狗咬伤事件中，除了群体行为外，其他因素可能构成更大的风险因素。重要的风险因素包括：1）人口密度，这反过来又决定了灾难现场狗的数量；2）狗在其居住地点的领地行为，这决定了狗可能咬人的频率；3）灾难发生地区内狂犬病是否呈地方流行或流行水平，这决定了致命后果的可能性。被狗咬伤的人应寻求医疗救治，因为感染狂犬病可能会因狗咬伤而导致致命后果。建议灾难应对人员进行狂犬病暴露前预防接种。无论是否接种过疫苗，他们在可能接触后应立即寻求狂犬病暴露后治疗。
