Kiselev M F, Akleev A V, Pashkov I A, Klopov N V, Noskin V A, Noskin L A
Ural Institute of Radiation Medicine, Health Ministry of Russia, Chelyabinsk.
Radiats Biol Radioecol. 1999 Jan-Feb;39(1):64-78.
The method of laser correlation spectroscopy (LCS) of biological fluids, permit to detect fractional composition of biological fluids (in this case--blood plasma). This method have been used to study the late effects of radiation in experimental investigations on animals (irradiation in doses that induce the high frequency of malignant tumors) and on the people living in the zone of Ural Radiation Trace. LCS spectra analysis show the proportion of separate ingredients in the blood plasma in the very bright range of molecular dimensions (d = 1-10000 nm) and for this analysis the special way of classification (semiotic classification) have been proposed. Multicomponent spectra, represented as a histogram (the abscess--diameters of light-scattering particles, ordinate--their per cent in the light-scattering of the whole sample) divide on the separate a priori marked zones with the appropriate means of diameters light-scattering subcomponent. In dependence on the increasing, or decreasing of enclosing in the light-scattering separated subcomponent the program of classification refer this histogram to separate cluster. Each cluster on the basis of preliminary investigations of different pathologic states related to the definite sign reflecting the type of homeostatic alterations (intoxication, allergic, dystrophic, catabolic and their combinations). The detection of the direction of homeostatic alteration and its degree is the main purpose of the semiotic classification of LC-spectra. In this paper it was shown that this way of diagnostic of the nature of homeostatic alterations in the blood plasma is more informative in the evaluation of the weightiness of pathologic state of organism in the comparison with the complexes of laboratory methods, usually used. The method can register immunoglobulin relations, changes in concentrations of lipoproteids and cholesterol and fractional composition of immunocompetent blood cells. The model experiments on animals irradiated in the doses that induce the high frequency of malignant tumors in 12 months thereafter (50 per cent of irradiated rats) have been conducted. With the help of LCS blood plasma it is possible to show the differences in direction of homeostatic changes in animals with and without oncological disease in a long period of time before pathomorphological registration of tumors. At last when 764 individuals living in the Zone of Ural radiation trace have been inspected by the LCS blood plasma it was shown: a. individuals without pathological diagnosis (in the range of 100-150 cz cumulating doses) the radiation action doesn't modify the homeostasis system in practice; b. in individuals with preoncological, oncological, autoimmune and metabolical diseases the modification of homeostasis system in these doses range is noticed. The direction of this modification depend on the nature of pathological process. The methodical simplicity of LCS investigations, rapidity and automatism of analysis together with informative sensitivity of this method testify to perspectives use of LCS blood plasma for the decision of the problem of biodosimetry of irradiation of experimental animals and for monitoring of late effects after low dose irradiation.
生物流体的激光相关光谱法（LCS）可用于检测生物流体（在此为血浆）的成分组成。该方法已被用于研究动物实验中辐射的远期效应（以能诱发高频率恶性肿瘤的剂量进行照射）以及生活在乌拉尔辐射带地区人群的辐射远期效应。LCS光谱分析显示了血浆中不同成分在非常宽的分子尺寸范围（d = 1 - 10000纳米）内的比例，并且为此分析提出了一种特殊的分类方法（符号分类法）。多组分光谱以直方图形式呈现（横坐标 - 光散射颗粒直径，纵坐标 - 其在整个样品光散射中所占百分比），通过光散射子成分直径的适当均值划分到先验标记的不同区域。根据光散射分离子成分中包含物的增加或减少，分类程序将此直方图归为不同的聚类。每个聚类基于对与反映体内稳态改变类型（中毒、过敏、营养不良、分解代谢及其组合）的特定体征相关的不同病理状态的初步研究。检测体内稳态改变的方向及其程度是LC光谱符号分类的主要目的。本文表明，与通常使用的实验室方法组合相比，这种诊断血浆中体内稳态改变性质的方法在评估机体病理状态的严重程度方面更具信息价值。该方法可以记录免疫球蛋白关系、脂蛋白和胆固醇浓度的变化以及免疫活性血细胞的成分组成。已对动物进行了模型实验，照射剂量能在12个月后诱发高频率的恶性肿瘤（50%的受照大鼠）。借助LCS血浆，在肿瘤病理形态学确诊之前的很长一段时间内，有可能显示出患有和未患有肿瘤疾病的动物体内稳态变化方向的差异。最后，当对生活在乌拉尔辐射带地区的764人进行LCS血浆检测时发现：a. 无病理诊断的个体（累积剂量在100 - 150厘戈瑞范围内），实际上辐射作用并未改变体内稳态系统；b. 在患有癌前病变、肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病和代谢性疾病的个体中，在这些剂量范围内观察到了体内稳态系统的改变。这种改变的方向取决于病理过程的性质。LCS检测方法的简便性、分析的快速性和自动化以及该方法的信息敏感性证明了LCS血浆在解决实验动物辐射生物剂量测定问题和监测低剂量辐射远期效应方面具有应用前景。
