Dukewich T L, Borkowski J G, Whitman T L
Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 1999 May;23(5):405-20. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2134(99)00019-8.
This project was designed to examine the impact of adolescent mothers' abuse potential on the development of preschool children. The specific aims were to demonstrate relationships between maternal abuse potential and developmental problems in preschool children, to examine these relationships across time, and to determine whether maternal abuse potential predicted developmental delays after controlling for problematic parenting orientations.
Using a longitudinal design, we examined 146 first time mothers and their children. Maternal abuse potential was assessed when children were 1, 3, and 5 years old; problematic parenting orientation was assessed when the children were 6 months old; and child development (i.e., IQ, adaptive behavior, and behavior problems) was assessed at ages 3 and 5.
Regression analyses revealed significant relationships between maternal abuse potential and a variety of developmental problems. Path analyses revealed unidirectional relationships between abuse potential predicting IQ and adaptive behaviors. Further analyses indicated that maternal abuse potential at 1 and 3 years predicted intelligence and adaptive behavior at ages 3 and 5, even when problematic parenting orientation was controlled. In contrast, children's behavioral problems at ages 3 and 5 was better accounted for by problematic parenting orientation than by abuse potential.
The results of this study revealed that developmental delays in children of adolescent are related to abuse potential. Two pathways were found for predicting developmental delays: One pathway linked child abuse potential with IQ and adaptive functioning: the other pathway showed that problematic parenting orientation accounted for the development of emotional and behavioral problems.
本项目旨在研究青春期母亲的虐待倾向对学龄前儿童发育的影响。具体目标是证明母亲的虐待倾向与学龄前儿童发育问题之间的关系，研究这些关系随时间的变化情况，并确定在控制了有问题的养育方式后，母亲的虐待倾向是否能预测发育迟缓。
采用纵向研究设计，我们对146位初为人母的女性及其子女进行了研究。在孩子1岁、3岁和5岁时评估母亲的虐待倾向；在孩子6个月大时评估有问题的养育方式；在孩子3岁和5岁时评估儿童发育情况（即智商、适应性行为和行为问题）。
回归分析显示母亲的虐待倾向与多种发育问题之间存在显著关系。路径分析显示虐待倾向对智商和适应性行为的预测存在单向关系。进一步分析表明，即使控制了有问题的养育方式，1岁和3岁时母亲的虐待倾向仍能预测3岁和5岁时的智力和适应性行为。相比之下，3岁和5岁儿童的行为问题更能由有问题的养育方式而非虐待倾向来解释。
本研究结果表明，青春期母亲的孩子发育迟缓与虐待倾向有关。发现了两条预测发育迟缓的途径：一条途径将儿童虐待倾向与智商和适应性功能联系起来；另一条途径表明有问题的养育方式导致了情绪和行为问题的发展。
