Sobel E, Levitz S J, Caselli M A
Division of Orthopedic Sciences, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, NY 10035, USA.
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1999 May;89(5):220-33. doi: 10.7547/87507315-89-5-220.
Orthotic management is helpful in the treatment of most orthopedic conditions involving the rearfoot, including plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendon disorders, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, flatfoot, ankle sprains, and problems associated with diabetes, arthritis, and equinus disorders. A review of the effectiveness of orthoses in the treatment of these conditions is presented here. An in-depth analysis of the orthotic management of plantar fasciitis and a critical review of foot orthoses for the pronated foot are presented. Also discussed are the rationale and effectiveness of the tension night splint in the treatment of plantar fasciitis, orthotic devices for the different stages of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, and the various categories of orthoses for off-loading the diabetic foot. The modern ankle brace, the effectiveness of prefabricated versus prescription foot orthoses, and recent developments in the ankle-foot orthosis are also reviewed.
矫形器治疗有助于处理大多数涉及后足的骨科病症，包括足底筋膜炎、跟腱疾病、胫后肌腱功能障碍、扁平足、踝关节扭伤以及与糖尿病、关节炎和马蹄足畸形相关的问题。本文对矫形器治疗这些病症的有效性进行了综述。文中深入分析了足底筋膜炎的矫形器治疗，并对旋前足的足部矫形器进行了批判性综述。还讨论了张力夜间夹板治疗足底筋膜炎的原理和有效性、胫后肌腱功能障碍不同阶段的矫形器装置以及减轻糖尿病足压力的各类矫形器。此外，还综述了现代踝关节支具、预制与定制足部矫形器的有效性以及踝足矫形器的最新进展。
