Preuschoft H, Witte H, Recknagel S, Bär H, Lesch C, Wüthrich M
Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1999 Apr;106(4):169-75.
The functions of the most common head-gears for horses are analysed from a biomechanical point of view. With the exception of the stable halter are all of them designed to enlarge the tensile forces transmitted through the reins or the longe, and to concentrate the enlarged forces on sensitive parts of the horse's head: the nose, or the lips, mandible and tongue. Since the direction, duration and size of these tensile forces are the essential factors to modulate signals for controlling the horse, a device has been developed to measure, or at least roughly quantify these forces. The mechanical characteristics of bosal, caveçon, serreta, kappzaum and hackamore are demonstrated and compared with those of the two major types of bits: those with and without levers.
从生物力学角度分析了马最常用的头部装备的功能。除了厩用缰绳外，其他所有装备的设计目的都是增大通过缰绳或练马绳传递的拉力，并将增大后的力集中在马头部的敏感部位：鼻子、嘴唇、下颌和舌头。由于这些拉力的方向、持续时间和大小是调节控制马的信号的关键因素，因此已经开发出一种装置来测量，或者至少大致量化这些力。展示了鼻革、缰绳、勒口、卡普绍姆和驯马勒的机械特性，并与两种主要类型的衔铁（有杠杆和无杠杆的衔铁）的机械特性进行了比较。
