Subotnik K L, Nuechterlein K H, Green M F
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-6968, USA.
J Psychiatr Res. 1999 May-Jun;33(3):275-84. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3956(98)00062-4.
Scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-168 item version were examined during periods of clinical remission and of psychosis for recent-onset schizophrenia patients (n = 19) and at comparable time intervals for demographically matched normal participants (n = 19). To determine diagnostic specificity, MMPIs for participants with bipolar affective disorder in remission (n = 12) were also examined. Methods for distinguishing between stable vulnerability indicators, mediating vulnerability factors and episode indicators of psychopathology were adapted from Nuechterlein and Dawson (1984). MMPI scales Pa, Sc and validity scale F showed a combination of trait and state qualities, characteristic of mediating vulnerability factors. These scales reflect changes that occur during psychotic episodes but also apparently tap personality characteristics that endure into periods of clinical remission. Unexpectedly, some MMPI scales that are not typically associated with psychotic disorders (i.e. Hs, D, and Hy) were significantly higher in schizophrenia patients across psychotic and clinically remitted states than in normal participants. In clinical remission, higher scores on scales Hs, D and Hy, showed some specificity to schizophrenia relative to bipolar disorder. While MMPI-168 scales Pd and Pt fit the pattern for vulnerability indicators, it was uncertain whether they belonged to the 'stable' versus 'mediating' subtype. MMPI scores that continue to be higher in remission than in a normal sample may reflect either enduring vulnerability factors or the impact of schizophrenia and the individuals' attempts to cope with the disorder. Studies of first-degree relatives will be needed to provide converging evidence that certain personality characteristics reflect genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.
对近期发病的精神分裂症患者（n = 19）在临床缓解期和精神病发作期进行明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）-168项版本的评分检查，并在相同时间间隔对人口统计学匹配的正常参与者（n = 19）进行检查。为了确定诊断特异性，还对缓解期双相情感障碍患者（n = 12）的MMPI进行了检查。区分精神病理学稳定易感性指标、中介易感性因素和发作指标的方法改编自纽切特林和道森（1984年）。MMPI量表Pa、Sc和效度量表F显示出特质和状态特征的组合，这是中介易感性因素的特征。这些量表反映了精神病发作期间发生的变化，但显然也挖掘了持续到临床缓解期的人格特征。出乎意料的是，一些通常与精神障碍无关的MMPI量表（即Hs、D和Hy）在精神分裂症患者的精神病发作期和临床缓解期均显著高于正常参与者。在临床缓解期，Hs、D和Hy量表得分较高，相对于双相情感障碍，对精神分裂症具有一定的特异性。虽然MMPI-168量表Pd和Pt符合易感性指标的模式，但不确定它们属于“稳定”还是“中介”亚型。缓解期MMPI得分持续高于正常样本可能反映了持久的易感性因素，或者精神分裂症的影响以及个体应对该疾病的尝试。需要对一级亲属进行研究，以提供一致的证据，证明某些人格特征反映了精神分裂症的遗传易感性。
